cat /etc/group | grep sudo
Category: Ubuntu
Linux and Unix Copy files
To copy a directory with all subdirectories and files, use the cp command. Below is an example command of how you would use the cp command to copy files. Additional information about this command and other examples are available through the above cp link.
cp -r /home/hope/files/* /home/hope/backup
In the example above, the cp command would copy all files, directories, and subdirectories in the /home/hope/files directory to the /home/hope/backup directory.
or
Copy a folder called /tmp/conf to /tmp/backup:
cp -avr /tmp/conf/ /tmp/backup
-a : Preserve the specified attributes such as directory an file mode, ownership, timestamps, if possible additional attributes: context, links, xattr, all.
-v : Explain what is being done.
-r : Copy directories recursively. Example
Letsencrypt (Certbot) Generate The Wildcard SSL Certificate
Now with the help of Certbot will generate wildcard certificate for our test domain erpnext.xyz
sudo certbot certonly --manual --preferred-challenges=dns --email nome@erpnext.xyz --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory --agree-tos -d *.erpnext.xyz
After executing the above command, the Certbot will share a text record to add to your DNS.
Please deploy a DNS TXT record under the name _acme-challenge.erpnext.xyz with the following value: J50GNXkhGmKCfn-0LQJcknVGtPEAQ_U_WajcLXgqWqo
Then you will receive:
Press Enter to Continue Waiting for verification... Cleaning up challenges IMPORTANT NOTES: - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/erpnext.xyz-0001/fullchain.pem Your key file has been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/erpnext.xyz-0001/privkey.pem Your cert will expire on 2019-08-31. To obtain a new or tweaked version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run "certbot renew" - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by: Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
done!
How do up upgrade LetsEncrypt certbot to version 0.22 which supports wildcard certificates?
Check version number
certbot --version || /path/to/certbot-auto --version
If you have already installed Certbot, you should add a parameter to apt-get install to upgrade only a specific package
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade certbot
Ubuntu 14.04 – PHP Version Upgraded
php -v
Shows:
PHP 5.6.25-2+deb.sury.org~trusty+1 (cli)
Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.0.6-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologiescode
In the page the php code phpinfo();
phpinfo();
Shows:
PHP Version 5.5.9-1ubuntu4.19
Now to correct this you need to:
sudo a2dismod php5 sudo a2enmod php5.6 sudo service apache2 restart
Cheers
Install PHP Composer
1) Update your packages:
sudo apt-get update
2) Install the curl utility:
sudo apt-get install curl
3) Download the installer:
sudo curl -s https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
4) Move the composer.phar file:
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
5) Use the composer command to test the installation. If Composer is installed correctly, the server will respond with a long list of help information and commands:
user@localhost:~# composer
______
/ ____/___ ____ ___ ____ ____ ________ _____
/ / / __ \/ __ `__ \/ __ \/ __ \/ ___/ _ \/ ___/
/ /___/ /_/ / / / / / / /_/ / /_/ (__ ) __/ /
\____/\____/_/ /_/ /_/ .___/\____/____/\___/_/
/_/
Composer version 1.3.2 2017-01-27 18:23:41
Usage:
command [options] [arguments]
Options:
-h, --help Display this help message
-q, --quiet Do not output any message
Ubuntu – The following packages have been kept back
The following packages have been kept back
apt list --upgradable sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs sudo apt-get autoremove
Do NOT do this command: sudo apt-get install as it keeps the packages manually installed.
Another instance of Certbot is already running (Letsencrypt)
If it is not running, check whether there are .certbot.lock files in your system.
find / -type f -name ".certbot.lock"
If there are, you can remove them:
find / -type f -name ".certbot.lock" -exec rm {} \;
Add a command to list all certificates currently installed and their domains (Letsencrypt)
sudo certbot certificates
Setting permissions for wordpress
Everyone experiencing this issue should execute these commands:
sudo usermod -aG www-data $USER
Adds the currently logged in user to the www-data group.
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
Changes the ownership of the /var/www directory to www-data group.
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www
If this doesn’t fix the issue you’re having, you’ve got something else wrong and bashing DO is not going to help anyone. If you want a managed server, look for hosting elsewhere. If you need help, ask someone or hire an admin that knows how to not only ‘set things up’ but knows how to secure your server as well. You’ll be glad you did. DO is not for novices, even if they have a lot of tutorials.